The (Un)Attractiveness of Vocational and Technical Education: Theoretical Background

  • Miha Lovšin
Keywords: Vocational and technical education, Gimnazije, Career choice, Information and counselling, Lifelong career guidance

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of the lack of attractiveness of vocational and technical education via a review of legislation on counselling practices, implementing documents, and the social factors by means of which the education system can influence the individual’s decision. It is apparent that legislation regulating the organisation and content of career counselling services in educational sector is inadequate. The organisation of career counselling at the level of implementation is also inadequate. Counsellors advise individuals on the basis of their academic results and the results of aptitude tests. Counselling practices deriving from theories that place career planning and management skills in the foreground are more rarely represented. Theories that treat career decisions as a social process show that at the level of the student population the choice of the type of school is a rational decision based primarily on the economic position and level of education to which a specific educational pathway is generally supposed to lead. The lower attractiveness of vocational and technical education coincides with the fact that representatives of lower social classes have a weaker economic position and more frequently have vocational and technical education qualifications than representatives of higher social classes. Nevertheless, the trend of high unemployment among young people with academic qualifications, which opposite of the traditional situation, indicates that it will be necessary to include career planning and management skills in the educational contents of institutionalised and formal education as a whole.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of the Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood.

Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25.

Bourdieu, P. (2001). Distinction. In D. B. Grusky (Ed.), Social Stratification, Class, Race, & Gender in Sociological Perspective (pp. 870–893). Boulder (CO): Westview Press.

Bourdieu, P. (2003). Sociologija kot politika. Ljubljana: Založba /*cf.

Brown, S. D., & Krane, N. E. R. (2000). Four (or five) sessions and a cloud of dust: Old assumptions and new observations about career counseling. In S. B. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology, 3rd edition (pp. 740−766). New York: John Wiley.

Čačinovič Vogrinčič, G. et al. (1999). Programske smernice svetovalne službe v osnovni šoli. Ljubljana: Strokovni svet RS za splošno izobraževanje.

Delovno aktivno prebivalstvo po dejavnosti (SKD 2008), doseženi izobrazbi in spolu, Slovenija, letno. (2012). Ljubljana: Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=0764701S&ti=&path=../Database/Dem_soc/07_trg_dela/06_akt_preb_reg_viri_strukturni/03_07647_del_aktivni_izobrazba/&lang=2

Flere, S. et al. (2008). Dejavniki šolske uspešnosti v poklicnem izobraževanju. Maribor: Pedagoška fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru.

Folsom, B., & Reardon, R. (2003). College career courses: Design and accountability. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 421–450.

Gabor, P. et al. (2008). Analiza ankete s šolskimi svetovalnimi delavci: poklicna orientacija na osnovnih šolah (poročilo). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje.

Hodkinson, P., & Sparkes, A. C. (1997). Careership: a sociological theory of career decision making. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 18(1), 29–44.

Jarvis, P. S. (2003). Career Management Paradigm Shift: Prosperity for Citizens, Windfalls for Governments. Retrieved September 10 2012 from http://www.choixdecarriere.com/pdf/6573/Jarvis(2003).pdf

Karierna orientacija: priročnik za oblikovalce politike. (2006). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje.

Kidd, J., & Killeen, J. (1992). Are the effects of careers guidance worth having? Changes in practice and outcomes. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 65, 219−234.

Killeen, J. (1996). The learning and economic outcomes of guidance. In A. G. Watts, B. Law, J. Killeen, J. Kidd, & R. Hawthorn (Eds.), Rethinking careers education and guidance (pp. 46−59). London: Routledge.

Kohont, A. et al. (2011). Terminološki slovarček karierne orientacije 2011. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje (ESS).

Krek, J., & Metljak, M. (Eds.) (2011). Bela knjiga o vzgoji in izobraževanju v Republiki Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Zavod RS za šolstvo.

Lapajne, Z. (1996). Psihološke izbire poklica. In S. Niklanovič (Ed.), Kako naj svetuejm? Prispevki o poklicnem svetovanju. Ljubljana: IZIDA.

Lavrič, M. et al. (2010). Mladina 2010 končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskave. Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport, Urad za Mladino.

Law, B. (1996). A career-learning theory. In A. G. Watts et al., Rethinking Careers Education and Guidance: Theory, Policy and Practice. London: Routledge.

Medveš, Z. (2008). Prispevek poklicnega in strokovnega izobraževanja k pravičnosti in socialni vključenosti. Sodobna pedagogika, 59/125(5), 74–94.

Nagy, M. (2012). Zoisovo štipendiranje na Zavodu RS za zaposlovanje v šolskem letu 2010/11. Retrieved September 5 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/3727/Stipendisti%202010_11.pdf

Niklanovič, S. (2007). Pregled politike karierne orientacije v EU: resolucija o karierni orientaciji. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje.

Oliver, L. W., & Spokane, A. R. (1988). Career-intervention outcome: What contributes to client gain? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 447−462.

Osipow, S. H. (1990). Convergence in theories of career choice and development: Review and prospect. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36, 122−131.

Poslovni načrt za leto 2012 Zavoda Republike Slovenije za Zaposlovanje. (2012). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje. Retrieved August 15 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/3455/poslovni_nacrt_zavoda_republike_slovenije_za_zaposlovanje_2012.pdf

Strokovna izhodišča za leto 2013. (2012). Retrieved November 10 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/4595/strokovna_izhodisca_za_leto_2013.pdf

Sankovič, N. et al. (2010). Kratek priročnik učinkovite promocije strokovnega in poklicnega izobraževanja. Ljubljana: Center RS za poklicno izobraževanje.

Skills needs in Europe Focus on 2020. (2008). Retrieved July 31 2012 from http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/5191_en.pdf

Skills supply and demand in Europe. (2010). Thessaloniki: CEDEFOP. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3052_en.pdf

Šol-S(M) Začetek: Centralne obdelave. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport. RetrievedAugust 19 2012 from https://kokra1.mss.edus.si/COMZ/centralneobdelave.aspx

Spokane, A. R., & Oliver, L. W. (1983). The outcomes of vocational intervention. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of Vocational Psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 99−136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Srednješolski izobraževalni programi. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.mizs.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/
direktorat_za_srednje_in_visje_solstvo_ter_izobrazevanje_odraslih/srednjesolsko_izobrazevanje/vpis_v_srednje_sole/

Študenti in dijaki štipendisti po vrsti štipendije, vrsti izobraževanja in letniku izobraževanja, Slovenija, letno. (2012). Ljubljana: Ljubljana: Statistični urad republike Slovenije. Retrieved August
10 2012 from http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=0954307S&ti=&path=../Database/Dem_soc/09_izobrazevanje/10_drugi_podatki/02_09543_stipendisti/&lang=2

Whiston, S. C. (2002). Application of the principles: Career counseling and interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 30, 218−237.

ZGim-UPB1. (2007). Zakon o gimnazijah (uradno prečiščeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 1, 5 January 2007.

ZOFVI-UPB5. (2007). Zakon o organizaciji in financiranju vzgoje in izobraževanja (uradno prečiščeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 16, 23 February 2007.

ZOsn-UPB3. (2006). Zakon o osnovni šoli (uradno prečiščeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 81, 31 July 2007.

ZPSI-1. (2006). Zakon o poklicnem in strokovnem izobraževanju. Uradni list RS, No. 79, 27 July 2006.

ZUTD. (2010). Zakon o urejanju trga dela. Uradni list RS, No. 80, 12 October 2010.
Published
2014-03-31