The (Un)Attractiveness of Vocational and Technical Education: Theoretical Background
Keywords:
Vocational and technical education, Gimnazije, Career choice, Information and counselling, Lifelong career guidance
Abstract
This paper considers the problem of the lack of attractiveness of vocational and technical education via a review of legislation on counselling practices, implementing documents, and the social factors by means of which the education system can influence the individual’s decision. It is apparent that legislation regulating the organisation and content of career counselling services in educational sector is inadequate. The organisation of career counselling at the level of implementation is also inadequate. Counsellors advise individuals on the basis of their academic results and the results of aptitude tests. Counselling practices deriving from theories that place career planning and management skills in the foreground are more rarely represented. Theories that treat career decisions as a social process show that at the level of the student population the choice of the type of school is a rational decision based primarily on the economic position and level of education to which a specific educational pathway is generally supposed to lead. The lower attractiveness of vocational and technical education coincides with the fact that representatives of lower social classes have a weaker economic position and more frequently have vocational and technical education qualifications than representatives of higher social classes. Nevertheless, the trend of high unemployment among young people with academic qualifications, which opposite of the traditional situation, indicates that it will be necessary to include career planning and management skills in the educational contents of institutionalised and formal education as a whole.Downloads
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References
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Skills supply and demand in Europe. (2010). Thessaloniki: CEDEFOP. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3052_en.pdf
Å ol-S(M) ZaÄetek: Centralne obdelave. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in Å¡port. RetrievedAugust 19 2012 from https://kokra1.mss.edus.si/COMZ/centralneobdelave.aspx
Spokane, A. R., & Oliver, L. W. (1983). The outcomes of vocational intervention. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of Vocational Psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 99−136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Srednješolski izobraževalni programi. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.mizs.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/
direktorat_za_srednje_in_visje_solstvo_ter_izobrazevanje_odraslih/srednjesolsko_izobrazevanje/vpis_v_srednje_sole/
Å tudenti in dijaki Å¡tipendisti po vrsti Å¡tipendije, vrsti izobraževanja in letniku izobraževanja, Slovenija, letno. (2012). Ljubljana: Ljubljana: StatistiÄni urad republike Slovenije. Retrieved August
10 2012 from http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=0954307S&ti=&path=../Database/Dem_soc/09_izobrazevanje/10_drugi_podatki/02_09543_stipendisti/&lang=2
Whiston, S. C. (2002). Application of the principles: Career counseling and interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 30, 218−237.
ZGim-UPB1. (2007). Zakon o gimnazijah (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 1, 5 January 2007.
ZOFVI-UPB5. (2007). Zakon o organizaciji in financiranju vzgoje in izobraževanja (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 16, 23 February 2007.
ZOsn-UPB3. (2006). Zakon o osnovni Å¡oli (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 81, 31 July 2007.
ZPSI-1. (2006). Zakon o poklicnem in strokovnem izobraževanju. Uradni list RS, No. 79, 27 July 2006.
ZUTD. (2010). Zakon o urejanju trga dela. Uradni list RS, No. 80, 12 October 2010.
Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25.
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Distinction. In D. B. Grusky (Ed.), Social Stratification, Class, Race, & Gender in Sociological Perspective (pp. 870–893). Boulder (CO): Westview Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2003). Sociologija kot politika. Ljubljana: Založba /*cf.
Brown, S. D., & Krane, N. E. R. (2000). Four (or five) sessions and a cloud of dust: Old assumptions and new observations about career counseling. In S. B. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology, 3rd edition (pp. 740−766). New York: John Wiley.
ÄŒaÄinoviÄ VogrinÄiÄ, G. et al. (1999). Programske smernice svetovalne službe v osnovni Å¡oli. Ljubljana: Strokovni svet RS za sploÅ¡no izobraževanje.
Delovno aktivno prebivalstvo po dejavnosti (SKD 2008), doseženi izobrazbi in spolu, Slovenija, letno. (2012). Ljubljana: StatistiÄni urad Republike Slovenije. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=0764701S&ti=&path=../Database/Dem_soc/07_trg_dela/06_akt_preb_reg_viri_strukturni/03_07647_del_aktivni_izobrazba/&lang=2
Flere, S. et al. (2008). Dejavniki šolske uspešnosti v poklicnem izobraževanju. Maribor: Pedagoška fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru.
Folsom, B., & Reardon, R. (2003). College career courses: Design and accountability. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 421–450.
Gabor, P. et al. (2008). Analiza ankete s Å¡olskimi svetovalnimi delavci: poklicna orientacija na osnovnih Å¡olah (poroÄilo). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje.
Hodkinson, P., & Sparkes, A. C. (1997). Careership: a sociological theory of career decision making. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 18(1), 29–44.
Jarvis, P. S. (2003). Career Management Paradigm Shift: Prosperity for Citizens, Windfalls for Governments. Retrieved September 10 2012 from http://www.choixdecarriere.com/pdf/6573/Jarvis(2003).pdf
Karierna orientacija: priroÄnik za oblikovalce politike. (2006). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje.
Kidd, J., & Killeen, J. (1992). Are the effects of careers guidance worth having? Changes in practice and outcomes. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 65, 219−234.
Killeen, J. (1996). The learning and economic outcomes of guidance. In A. G. Watts, B. Law, J. Killeen, J. Kidd, & R. Hawthorn (Eds.), Rethinking careers education and guidance (pp. 46−59). London: Routledge.
Kohont, A. et al. (2011). TerminoloÅ¡ki slovarÄek karierne orientacije 2011. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje (ESS).
Krek, J., & Metljak, M. (Eds.) (2011). Bela knjiga o vzgoji in izobraževanju v Republiki Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Zavod RS za šolstvo.
Lapajne, Z. (1996). PsiholoÅ¡ke izbire poklica. In S. NiklanoviÄ (Ed.), Kako naj svetuejm? Prispevki o poklicnem svetovanju. Ljubljana: IZIDA.
LavriÄ, M. et al. (2010). Mladina 2010 konÄno poroÄilo o rezultatih raziskave. Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za Å¡olstvo in Å¡port, Urad za Mladino.
Law, B. (1996). A career-learning theory. In A. G. Watts et al., Rethinking Careers Education and Guidance: Theory, Policy and Practice. London: Routledge.
MedveÅ¡, Z. (2008). Prispevek poklicnega in strokovnega izobraževanja k praviÄnosti in socialni vkljuÄenosti. Sodobna pedagogika, 59/125(5), 74–94.
Nagy, M. (2012). Zoisovo Å¡tipendiranje na Zavodu RS za zaposlovanje v Å¡olskem letu 2010/11. Retrieved September 5 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/3727/Stipendisti%202010_11.pdf
NiklanoviÄ, S. (2007). Pregled politike karierne orientacije v EU: resolucija o karierni orientaciji. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje.
Oliver, L. W., & Spokane, A. R. (1988). Career-intervention outcome: What contributes to client gain? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 447−462.
Osipow, S. H. (1990). Convergence in theories of career choice and development: Review and prospect. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36, 122−131.
Poslovni naÄrt za leto 2012 Zavoda Republike Slovenije za Zaposlovanje. (2012). Ljubljana: Zavod RS za zaposlovanje. Retrieved August 15 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/3455/poslovni_nacrt_zavoda_republike_slovenije_za_zaposlovanje_2012.pdf
Strokovna izhodiÅ¡Äa za leto 2013. (2012). Retrieved November 10 2012 from http://www.ess.gov.si/_files/4595/strokovna_izhodisca_za_leto_2013.pdf
SankoviÄ, N. et al. (2010). Kratek priroÄnik uÄinkovite promocije strokovnega in poklicnega izobraževanja. Ljubljana: Center RS za poklicno izobraževanje.
Skills needs in Europe Focus on 2020. (2008). Retrieved July 31 2012 from http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/5191_en.pdf
Skills supply and demand in Europe. (2010). Thessaloniki: CEDEFOP. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3052_en.pdf
Å ol-S(M) ZaÄetek: Centralne obdelave. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in Å¡port. RetrievedAugust 19 2012 from https://kokra1.mss.edus.si/COMZ/centralneobdelave.aspx
Spokane, A. R., & Oliver, L. W. (1983). The outcomes of vocational intervention. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of Vocational Psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 99−136). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Srednješolski izobraževalni programi. (2012). Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport. Retrieved August 10 2012 from http://www.mizs.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/
direktorat_za_srednje_in_visje_solstvo_ter_izobrazevanje_odraslih/srednjesolsko_izobrazevanje/vpis_v_srednje_sole/
Å tudenti in dijaki Å¡tipendisti po vrsti Å¡tipendije, vrsti izobraževanja in letniku izobraževanja, Slovenija, letno. (2012). Ljubljana: Ljubljana: StatistiÄni urad republike Slovenije. Retrieved August
10 2012 from http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=0954307S&ti=&path=../Database/Dem_soc/09_izobrazevanje/10_drugi_podatki/02_09543_stipendisti/&lang=2
Whiston, S. C. (2002). Application of the principles: Career counseling and interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 30, 218−237.
ZGim-UPB1. (2007). Zakon o gimnazijah (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 1, 5 January 2007.
ZOFVI-UPB5. (2007). Zakon o organizaciji in financiranju vzgoje in izobraževanja (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 16, 23 February 2007.
ZOsn-UPB3. (2006). Zakon o osnovni Å¡oli (uradno preÄiÅ¡Äeno besedilo). Uradni list RS, No. 81, 31 July 2007.
ZPSI-1. (2006). Zakon o poklicnem in strokovnem izobraževanju. Uradni list RS, No. 79, 27 July 2006.
ZUTD. (2010). Zakon o urejanju trga dela. Uradni list RS, No. 80, 12 October 2010.
Published
2014-03-31
How to Cite
Lovšin, M. (2014). The (Un)Attractiveness of Vocational and Technical Education: Theoretical Background. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 4(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.216
Section
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