Vpliv posebnih družbenih dejavnikov na spremembe v izobraževanju v Srbiji
Povzetek
Politične in gospodarske spremembe, ki so sledile sprejetju Strategije razvoja šolstva v Srbiji2020, so pravzaprav izdale osnovne ideje in namene te strategije ter s tem ustvarile sistemsko grožnjo izobraževanju in njegovi vlogi pri razvoju Srbije. To je proizvedlo skoraj eksperimentalni položaj za analizo vpliva političnih in družbenih dejavnikov na spremembe v izobraževanju. Na političnem področju so nastali novi trendi (centralizacija oblasti, marginalizacija demokratičnih institucij, spodbujanje tujih naložb v podjetja z nizko stopnjo tehnološkega razvoja itn.), ki so močno vplivali na spremembe ('reforme') v izobraževanju (velika centralizacija izobraževanja, močen vpliv politike na izobraževanje, vsiljevanje nekaterih nižjih stopenj izobraževanja, zmanjševanje strokovne avtonomije itn.). Osnovni mehanizem prenosa splošne politike v izobraževanje je spreminjanje vloge najpomembnejših državnih institucij pri določanju in izvajanju izobraževalne politike, tj. Državnega sveta za izobraževanje Republike Srbije, Državnega sveta za poklicno izobraževanje in izobraževanje odraslih, Državnega sveta za visoko šolstvo in Akreditacijskega telesa Republike Srbije. Sprejetje novih zakonov o šolstvu (2017) je korenito spremenilo njihov status in pristojnost. Posledica sprememb pa je zmanjšanje njihove samostojnosti in strokovnosti s sočasno krepitvijo vloge ministrstva, prek katerega se prenaša vpliv vladajočega političnega režima na šolstvo. Prav tako se je okrepila vloga gospodarske zbornice v izobraževanju. Tak sistem pa ogroža avtonomijo izobraževalnih ustanov in učiteljev pa tudi kakovost izobraževanja. Posledično imajo te spremembe jasen vpliv na razvoj države in njen mednarodni položaj.
Prenosi
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